Repair corrupted system files
Use System File Checker to scan Windows and replace damaged protected system files that can cause crashes, missing features, or strange errors.
sfc /scannow
Use System File Checker to scan Windows and replace damaged protected system files that can cause crashes, missing features, or strange errors.
sfc /scannow
DISM repairs the Windows component store when update files or core system image data are broken, helping fix failed updates and repair issues SFC cannot solve alone.
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
Reset the TCP/IP stack and Winsock when internet access breaks, DNS fails, or Windows networking behaves incorrectly after updates or driver changes.
netsh int ip reset && netsh winsock reset
This PowerShell command clears user temp files to free space and remove leftover junk that can slow down installs, updates, and general system cleanup work.
Remove-Item -Path $env:TEMP\* -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue
Clear stored DNS records when websites stop loading correctly, old addresses keep resolving, or browser and app connections point to the wrong destination.
ipconfig /flushdns
Run CHKDSK to detect logical disk issues that can lead to corrupted files, random read errors, or storage-related Windows warnings.
chkdsk C: /f
This PowerShell command restarts Windows Explorer when the taskbar, Start menu, desktop icons, or File Explorer stop responding properly.
Stop-Process -Name explorer -Force; Start-Process explorer.exe
Re-register built-in apps when Store apps fail to open, disappear, or throw package errors after updates or profile issues.
Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Foreach {Add-AppxPackage -DisableDevelopmentMode -Register "$($_.InstallLocation)\AppXManifest.xml"}
Stop and restart core Windows Update services when updates get stuck, fail repeatedly, or keep downloading with errors.
net stop wuauserv && net stop bits && net start bits && net start wuauserv
Run a deeper DISM scan to check the servicing store for corruption before repair workflows or when update health is uncertain.
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth
Switch Windows to the High Performance power plan when you want to reduce aggressive power saving and give games or heavier desktop tasks steadier CPU behavior.
powercfg /setactive SCHEME_MIN
Switch Windows visual effects toward best performance when you want less animation, less transparency, and a lighter desktop feel on slower machines.
reg add "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Explorer\VisualEffects" /v VisualFXSetting /t REG_DWORD /d 2 /f
Turn on Windows Game Mode so the system is more likely to prioritize the active game and reduce background interference during play.
reg add "HKCU\Software\Microsoft\GameBar" /v AutoGameModeEnabled /t REG_DWORD /d 1 /f
Delete the local DirectX shader cache when you suspect stale cached shader data is contributing to stutter, rendering oddities, or post-driver-update instability.
PowerShell -NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -Command "Remove-Item -Path "$env:LOCALAPPDATA\D3DSCache\*" -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue"
Turn hibernation off to remove the hiberfil.sys file when you need disk space back on smaller SSDs or low-space Windows installs.
powercfg -h off
Clear the Windows icon cache when desktop or file icons look wrong, stay blank, or keep showing outdated visuals after app changes.
ie4uinit.exe -ClearIconCache
Start the built-in Disk Cleanup utility with an aggressive cleanup pass when you need Windows to remove easy temporary clutter and reclaim space fast.
cleanmgr /verylowdisk
Clear the Microsoft Store cache when Store downloads fail, app installs get stuck, or the Store opens with loading or licensing errors.
wsreset.exe
Restart the Print Spooler service when print jobs stay stuck, printers stop responding, or queued documents never leave the Windows print queue.
net stop spooler && net start spooler
Restart the Windows Search service when the Start menu search, taskbar search, or Explorer search stops returning results or responds unusually slowly.
Restart-Service WSearch
Remove the local thumbnail cache when image or video previews look wrong, fail to refresh, or keep showing stale preview content in File Explorer.
del /f /q %LocalAppData%MicrosoftWindowsExplorer humbcache_*
Open the built-in Windows Memory Diagnostic when you suspect RAM instability behind crashes, freezes, blue screens, or unexplained app corruption.
mdsched.exe
Expose the Ultimate Performance power plan when you want less aggressive power saving and more consistent full-performance behavior on suitable Windows systems.
powercfg -duplicatescheme e9a42b02-d5df-448d-aa00-03f14749eb61
Jump straight to Windows startup app management when too many programs launch at sign-in and slow boot time, desktop readiness, or memory use.
start ms-settings:startupapps
Reset the Windows firewall policy when custom rules, broken profiles, or old security changes block apps, network discovery, or normal local connections.
netsh advfirewall reset
Restart core Windows audio services when sound cuts out, devices disappear, or playback stops working after updates, sleep, driver changes, or app crashes.
powershell -Command "Restart-Service Audiosrv,AudioEndpointBuilder -Force"
Release and renew the current network lease when the PC keeps a bad local address, fails to reconnect properly, or has trouble after router or DHCP changes.
ipconfig /release && ipconfig /renew
Open the classic Windows performance options quickly when you want to reduce visual effects, adjust responsiveness, or tune appearance for older or weaker hardware.
SystemPropertiesPerformance.exe
Force Windows to relaunch the Start menu process when Start stops opening, search feels stuck, or the shell interface becomes partly unresponsive.
powershell -Command "Stop-Process -Name StartMenuExperienceHost -Force"
Launch Disk Cleanup in a stronger cleanup mode when Windows is cramped for space and you want a quick built-in pass over removable junk files.
cleanmgr /verylowdisk
Restore the default Windows power schemes when custom plans, broken profiles, or aggressive tuning cause unstable performance, sleep, or battery behavior.
powercfg -restoredefaultschemes
Clear broken system-level proxy settings when Windows Update, Microsoft services, or admin tools fail because traffic is being sent through the wrong proxy.
netsh winhttp reset proxy
Restart active Wi-Fi or Ethernet adapters with PowerShell when connectivity is stuck without rebooting the full PC.
PowerShell -Command "Get-NetAdapter | Where-Object Status -eq 'Up' | Restart-NetAdapter -Confirm:$false"
Remove stuck update downloads from SoftwareDistribution when Windows Update keeps retrying the same broken package.
PowerShell -Command "Stop-Service wuauserv,bits -Force; Remove-Item -Path C:WindowsSoftwareDistribution\Download* -Recurse -Force -ErrorAction SilentlyContinue; Start-Service bits,wuauserv"
Use netcfg -d when Windows networking stays broken after normal resets and you need to remove and rebuild all network adapters and bindings.
netcfg -d
Use this command when WMI corruption causes management scripts, hardware queries, monitoring tools, or system information panels to fail.
winmgmt /salvagerepository
Repair broken Windows performance counters when monitoring tools, Task Manager data, or PerfMon-based reports show missing or invalid values.
lodctr /R
Repair MSI installation problems when setup packages fail to launch, repair, or uninstall correctly because Windows Installer registration is broken.
msiexec /unregister && msiexec /regserver
Refresh local or domain policy settings when security rules, desktop restrictions, mapped settings, or admin changes have not applied yet.
gpupdate /force
Resync the system clock when certificate checks, domain logins, scheduled tasks, or secure websites fail because the PC time is wrong.
w32tm /resync /force
Use Bootrec in recovery mode when Windows fails to boot because the boot record, boot files, or BCD store are damaged.
bootrec /fixmbr && bootrec /fixboot && bootrec /scanos && bootrec /rebuildbcd
Use DISM component cleanup to reduce old servicing leftovers and keep the Windows component store healthier after many updates.
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /StartComponentCleanup
Use DISM with a repair source when source files are missing.
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:WIM:X:\sources\install.wim:1 /LimitAccess
Clear the Windows Update download cache when downloads never move forward.
net stop wuauserv && net stop bits && rd /s /q %systemroot%\SoftwareDistribution\Download && net start bits && net start wuauserv
Understand when to move from quick diagnostics to full repair.
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth
Launch Reliability Monitor to find crash patterns before guessing at fixes.
perfmon /rel
Open System Restore when Windows started breaking after a recent system change.
rstrui.exe
Use DISM and update-component cleanup commands when Windows Update fails with error 0x800f0900 and ordinary retries do nothing.
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /ScanHealth
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
sfc /scannow
Reset update folders and repair system files when Windows Update reports 0x80070002 because expected update files are missing or broken.
net stop wuauserv
net stop bits
ren C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution SoftwareDistribution.old
ren C:\Windows\System32\catroot2 catroot2.old
net start bits
net start wuauserv
sfc /scannow
Repair the component store when error 0x80073712 shows missing or damaged servicing files during Windows Update.
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
sfc /scannow
Clear the two Windows Update folders that most often trap broken downloads, failed signatures, or stale update metadata.
net stop wuauserv
net stop cryptSvc
net stop bits
net stop msiserver
ren C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution SoftwareDistribution.old
ren C:\Windows\System32\catroot2 catroot2.old
net start msiserver
net start bits
net start cryptSvc
net start wuauserv
Use a mounted ISO or install.wim source when DISM cannot download repair files or internet-based repair keeps failing.
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:wim:D:\sources\install.wim:1 /LimitAccess
Use a repair sequence with DISM, SFC, and log review when System File Checker finds corruption but cannot repair everything.
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
sfc /scannow
findstr /c:"[SR]" %windir%\Logs\CBS\CBS.log > "%userprofile%\Desktop\sfcdetails.txt"
Export the relevant SFC entries from CBS.log so you can see which files were repaired and which ones were not.
findstr /c:"[SR]" %windir%\Logs\CBS\CBS.log > "%userprofile%\Desktop\sfcdetails.txt"
notepad "%userprofile%\Desktop\sfcdetails.txt"
Handle the common DISM pause around 62.3 percent and know when it is normal, when to wait, and when to switch to a source-based repair.
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:wim:D:\sources\install.wim:1 /LimitAccess
Use the /Source option to point DISM at a local install.wim or install.esd when online repair is unavailable or unreliable.
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth /Source:wim:D:\sources\install.wim:1 /LimitAccess
Use diskpart and bcdboot when bootrec /fixboot returns access denied in Windows Recovery Environment.
diskpart
list vol
select vol <EFI_VOLUME>
assign letter=S
exit
bcdboot C:\Windows /s S: /f UEFI
Recreate boot files manually when bootrec /rebuildbcd cannot detect the Windows installation you know is present.
diskpart
list vol
select vol <EFI_VOLUME>
assign letter=S
exit
bcdboot C:\Windows /s S: /f ALL
Use bcdboot to copy fresh boot files from your Windows installation onto the system partition after boot corruption.
bcdboot C:\Windows /s S: /f UEFI
Launch startup repair tools and related boot checks from recovery mode when Windows will not start normally.
X:\sources\recovery\StartRep.exe
bootrec /scanos
Repair missing boot configuration or inaccessible boot files when Windows shows startup error 0xc0000225.
bootrec /scanos
bootrec /rebuildbcd
bcdboot C:\Windows /s S: /f ALL
Restore missing boot manager files and rebuild boot configuration when the PC stops at the BOOTMGR is missing message.
bootrec /fixmbr
bootrec /scanos
bcdboot C:\Windows /s S: /f ALL
Use a short network reset sequence when Windows says it is connected but browsers and apps still cannot reach the internet.
ipconfig /release
ipconfig /renew
ipconfig /flushdns
netsh winsock reset
netsh int ip reset
Compare the two most common Windows network reset commands and run both in the right order for stubborn connectivity problems.
netsh winsock reset
netsh int ip reset
Restart the DNS Client service and flush cached records when Windows keeps resolving old or broken addresses.
net stop dnscache
net start dnscache
ipconfig /flushdns
Generate a detailed Windows energy report to find sleep, battery, timer, and power-plan problems that affect performance or standby behavior.
powercfg /energy /output "%userprofile%\Desktop\energy-report.html"
start "" "%userprofile%\Desktop\energy-report.html"
Use a practical cleanup sequence for post-update stutter, shader rebuilds, power reset, and system file repair when Windows feels worse after patching.
cleanmgr /AUTOCLEAN
shutdown /r /t 0
sfc /scannow
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
Run one admin script that checks SFC state, DISM health, pending reboot flags, update services, network basics, and WinGet status before deeper repair work.
@echo off
echo === System File Check ===
sfc /verifyonly
echo.
echo === DISM Health Check ===
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /CheckHealth
echo.
echo === Pending Reboot State ===
reg query "HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Component Based Servicing" /v RebootPending
echo.
echo === Windows Update Services ===
sc query wuauserv
sc query bits
echo.
echo === Network Summary ===
ipconfig /all
echo.
echo === WinGet Version ===
winget --info
pause
Use a broader repair sequence that stops update services, resets download caches, repairs servicing corruption, and restarts the update stack.
net stop wuauserv
net stop bits
net stop cryptsvc
net stop msiserver
ren C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution SoftwareDistribution.old
ren C:\Windows\System32\catroot2 catroot2.old
DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth
sfc /scannow
net start msiserver
net start cryptsvc
net start bits
net start wuauserv
Reset broken WinGet sources, re-register the Desktop App Installer package, and open WinGet logs when the package manager stops working.
winget --info
winget source reset --force
winget source update
Add-AppxPackage -RegisterByFamilyName -MainPackage Microsoft.DesktopAppInstaller_8wekyb3d8bbwe
winget --open-logs
Verify the WMI repository, confirm the service state, gather quick WMI output, and only then attempt a salvage step.
winmgmt /verifyrepository
sc query winmgmt
Get-Service winmgmt | Select-Object Status, StartType
wmic os get Caption,Version,BuildNumber
winmgmt /salvagerepository
Use a layered network reset sequence for DNS, DHCP lease, Winsock, TCP/IP, and WinHTTP proxy settings after a VPN uninstall or problematic update.
ipconfig /flushdns
ipconfig /release
ipconfig /renew
netsh winsock reset
netsh int ip reset
netsh winhttp reset proxy
shutdown /r /t 0
Gather partition, BCD, boot scan, and mounted volume details before you change boot records or rebuild boot files.
diskpart /s X:\list-volumes.txt
bcdedit /enum all
bootrec /scanos
mountvol
Combine Store cache reset, AppX package re-registration, and an SFC pass when built-in apps or Store components keep failing.
wsreset.exe
Get-AppxPackage -AllUsers | Foreach {Add-AppxPackage -DisableDevelopmentMode -Register "$($_.InstallLocation)\AppXManifest.xml"}
sfc /scannow
Check BITS, restart the service, and clear stale Background Intelligent Transfer jobs when updates or downloads stay stuck.
sc query bits
net stop bits
net start bits
bitsadmin /reset /allusers
sc query bits
Re-register the time service and force a fresh resync when wrong system time causes login, browser, update, or certificate validation problems.
w32tm /query /status
net stop w32time
w32tm /unregister
w32tm /register
net start w32time
w32tm /resync
Use a safer workflow that switches power mode, generates an energy report, opens gaming settings, and removes common performance blockers without blindly disabling core services.
powercfg /setactive SCHEME_MIN
powercfg /energy
cleanmgr /LOWDISK
start ms-settings:gaming-gamemode
start ms-settings:display-advancedgraphics
Open the right Windows graphics and gaming settings for windowed and borderless games when latency or smoothness feels worse than expected.
start ms-settings:gaming-gamemode
start ms-settings:display-advancedgraphics
start ms-settings:display-advancedgraphics-default
Open the startup, Task Manager, and clean boot tools that help you find launchers, overlays, sync clients, and updater processes that steal resources while you play.
taskmgr
start ms-settings:startupapps
msconfig
Open System Configuration and test games in a cleaner startup state to find whether background services or startup apps are stealing performance or causing conflicts.
msconfig
Open the small set of Windows settings that actually matter for gaming performance instead of chasing risky debloat or service-disabling scripts.
start ms-settings:gaming-gamemode
start ms-settings:display-advancedgraphics
start ms-settings:startupapps
powercfg /setactive SCHEME_MIN